Este es el texto que escribí hace unos meses para el blog de la consulta sobre la pronación, explicando qué es y como afecta al resto del cuerpo. Es un texto de carácter divulgativo, mas que científico. Aquí os lo dejo:
La pronación es la rotación del pie hacia el interior cuando caminas y corres. Es parte del movimiento natural que ayuda a las piernas a atenuar el impacto. Algunas personas personas pronan más que otras. A pesar de que esto no es malo en sí mismo, si afecta a tu forma de moverte e incrementa el riesgo de una lesión.
Con este tipo de pisada las partes blandas que están en la planta de los pies (fascia, tendones, ligamentos) están más estiradas, provocando más tensión en tejidos que son relativamente inelásticos. Esta tensión irrita las estructuras provocando lesiones tales como fascitis, espolón calcáneo, tendinitis y sinovitis.
Adicionalmente a las lesiones de los pies, este movimiento puede ser la causa de una serie de lesiones a lo largo de la cadena cinética. Causa rotación interna de la tibia, predisponiendo a fracturas. Esta rotación interna de la tibia presiona el menisco interno y la capsula articular interna, provocando meniscopatias y bursitis o patología de la pata de ganso. El síndrome de la cintilla iliotibial también se ha relacionado en numerosa bibliografía con la pronación. Así mismo la periostitis tibial se encuentra de forma casi exclusiva en pacientes pronadores.
Hay estudios serios realizados en Estados Unidos en los que el 77% de los pacientes con una lesión en la rodilla presentaban un exceso de pronación en los pies.
De hecho, la pronación excesiva hace que la rótula esté más externa o lateralizada, habiéndose demostrado científicamente que esto provoca un aumento de la presión en este hueso, desgastando el cartílago articular y provocando condromalacia rotuliana.
Por el resto, tiene una serie de efectos en nuestra postura:
– Incrementa la tracción a nivel del glúteo mayor y el músculo piramidal.
– Provoca rotación interna de la pelvis.
– La pelvis se bascula anteriormente, provocando discopatias a nivel de la columna baja.
– Se incrementa la lordosis o curvatura lumbar.
– Aumenta la tracción a nivel de la inserción de los músculos isquiotibiales.
¿Os ha quedado un poco más claro?
Este video de New Balance muestra una imagen muy clara de lo que es , y esto es un ejemplo de una grandísima pronación.
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